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Humphrey DeForest Bogart (;〔("Bogart." ) ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. Retrieved: March 13, 2015.〕 December 25, 1899January 14, 1957)〔''Ontario County Times'' birth announcement, January 10, 1900.〕〔(Birthday of Reckoning ).〕 was an American screen actor whose performances in such iconic 1940s films noir as ''The Maltese Falcon'', ''Casablanca'', and ''The Big Sleep'', earned him the legacy of cultural icon.〔Obituary ''Variety'', January 16, 1957.〕〔Sragow, Michael. ("Spring Films/Revivals; How One Role Made Bogart Into an Icon." ) ''The New York Times,'' January 16, 2000. Retrieved: February 22, 2009.〕〔("100 Icons of the Century – Humphrey Bogart." ) ''Variety'', October 16, 2005. Retrieved: February 22, 2009.〕 In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one. Bogart began acting in 1921 after a hitch in the U.S. Navy in World War I and little success in various jobs in finance and the production side of the theater. Gradually he became a regular in Broadway shows in the 1920s and 1930s. When the stock market crash of 1929 reduced the demand for plays, Bogart turned to film. His first great success was as Duke Mantee in ''The Petrified Forest'' (1936), and this led to a period of typecasting as a gangster with films such as ''Angels with Dirty Faces'' (1938) and B-movies like ''The Return of Doctor X'' (1939). Bogart's breakthrough as a leading man came in 1941, with ''High Sierra'' and ''The Maltese Falcon.'' The next year, his performance in ''Casablanca'' raised him to the peak of his profession and, at the same time, cemented his trademark film persona, that of the hard-boiled cynic who ultimately shows his noble side. Other successes followed, including ''To Have and Have Not'' (1944), ''The Big Sleep'' (1946), ''Dark Passage'' (1947), and ''Key Largo'' (1948), with his wife Lauren Bacall; ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'' (1948); ''In a Lonely Place'' (1950); ''The African Queen'' (1951), for which he won his only Oscar; ''Sabrina'' (1954); and ''The Caine Mutiny'' (1954). His last film was ''The Harder They Fall'' (1956). During a film career of almost 30 years, he appeared in 75 feature films. ==Early life== Bogart was born on Christmas Day, 1899, in New York City, the eldest child of Dr. Belmont DeForest Bogart (July 1867, Watkins Glen, New York – September 8, 1934, New York City) and Maud Humphrey (1868–1940). Belmont was the only child of the unhappy marriage of Adam Watkins Bogart, a Canandaigua, New York innkeeper, and his wife, Julia, a wealthy heiress. The name "Bogart" comes from the Dutch surname "Bogaert", which derives from the word "bogaard", short for "boomgaard", meaning "orchard". Belmont and Maud married in June 1898, he was Presbyterian of English and Dutch descent, she an Episcopalian of English heritage. Young Humphrey was raised in the Episcopal faith, but was non-practicing for most of his adult life.〔("The religious affiliation of Humphrey Bogart." ) ''Adherents.com''. Retrieved: January 25, 2011.〕 The precise date of Bogart's birth was long a matter of dispute, but has been cleared up. Warner Bros listed his birthdate as Christmas Day, 1899, throughout his career; but film historian Clifford McCarty later maintained that the Warner publicity department had altered it from January 23, 1900 "...to foster the view that a man born on Christmas Day couldn't really be as villainous as he appeared to be on screen".〔McCarty, C. ''The Complete Films of Humphrey Bogart.'' Citadel Press (1965), p. 34. ISBN 0806509554.〕 The "corrected" January birthdate subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise authoritative sources.〔''Humphrey DeForest Bogart'' at ("Humphrey DeForest Bogart." ) ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved October 30, 2014.〕〔Barron, James. ("And a merry birthday to you, too!; Lifetimes of coping with ghost of Christmas present." ) ''The New York Times'' archive, December 25, 2000. Retrieved: October 30, 2014.〕 Biographers A.M. Sperber and Eric Lax documented, however, that Bogart always celebrated his birthday on December 25, and consistently listed it as such on official records, such as his marriage license.〔Sperber and Lax 1997, p. 44.〕 Lauren Bacall confirmed in her autobiography that his birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Day, adding that he joked that he was cheated out of a present every year because of it.〔Bacall 1978, p. 134.〕 Sperber and Lax also noted that a birth announcement, printed in the ''Ontario County Times'' on January 10, 1900, effectively rules out the possibility of a January 23 birthdate;〔Sperber and Lax 1997, p. 45.〕 and state and federal census records from 1900 report a Christmas 1899 birthdate as well.〔Bogart 1995, pp. 43-44.〕 Bogart's father, Belmont, was a cardiopulmonary surgeon. His mother, Maud, was a commercial illustrator who received her art training in New York and France, including study with James McNeill Whistler. Later she became art director of the fashion magazine ''The Delineator'' and a militant suffragette. She used a drawing of baby Humphrey in a well-known advertising campaign for Mellins Baby Food. In her prime, she made over $50,000 a year, then a vast sum and far more than her husband's $20,000. The Bogarts lived in a fashionable Upper West Side apartment, and had an elegant cottage on a 55-acre estate on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York. As a youngster, Humphrey's gang of friends at the lake would put on theatricals. Humphrey had two younger sisters, Frances ("Pat") and Catherine Elizabeth ("Kay").〔 His parents were busy in their careers and frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her offspring to call her "Maud" not "Mother", and showed little if any physical affection for them. When pleased she "()lapped you on the shoulder, almost the way a man does", Bogart recalled.〔Sperber & Lax, pp. 5–7.〕 "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A kiss, in our family, was an event. Our mother and father didn't glug over my two sisters and me." As a boy, Bogart was teased for his curls, tidiness, the "cute" pictures his mother had him pose for, the Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes she dressed him in, and even for the name "Humphrey". From his father, Bogart inherited a tendency to needle, fondness for fishing, lifelong love of boating, and an attraction to strong-willed women. Bogart attended the private Delancey School until fifth grade, then the prestigious Trinity School.〔Hyams 1975, p. 12.〕 He was an indifferent, sullen student who showed no interest in after-school activities.〔 Later he went to the equally elite boarding school Phillips Academy, where he was admitted based on family connections. His parents hoped he would go on to Yale, but in 1918 Bogart was expelled.〔Wallechinsky and Wallace 2005, p. 9.〕 Several reasons have been given: one claims that it was for throwing the headmaster (or a groundskeeper) into Rabbit Pond on campus. Another cites smoking, drinking, poor academic performance, and possibly some inappropriate comments made to the staff. A third has him withdrawn by his father for failing to improve his grades. Whatever caused his premature departure, his parents were deeply dismayed and rued their failed plans for his future. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humphrey Bogart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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